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Rev Clin Periodoncia Implantol Rehabil Oral. 2008;1:86-89
TRABAJO DE INVESTIGACIÓN [PDF]

Indicadores de Riesgo Cariogénico en Adolescentes de Santo Domingo, República Dominicana

Caries Risk Indicators in Adolescents in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

Collins J1, Bobadilla M2, Fresno MC3.

1Coordinador Área de Investigación, Universidad Católica, Facultad de Odontología, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana.
2Universidad Católica, Facultad de Odontología, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana.
3Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Odontología Restauradora, Santiago, Chile.

 

Resumen

Antecedentes y objetivos

Datos acerca de la condición de salud oral en adolescentes de República Dominicana son escasos. El objetivo del estudio epidemiológico fue determinar prevalencia, distribución y variables asociadas a la caries dental entre los adolescentes Dominicanos.

Material y Método

Se utilizó un diseño aleatorio estratificado para seleccionar la muestra conformada por 982 adolescentes (12-21 años). El estudio se efectuó en 26 escuelas y 106 salas de clases. Los sujetos estudiados fueron examinados clínicamente por un investigador calibrado (B.M. Kappa 0.80). Los dientes fueron diagnosticados utilizando los criterios dados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) para el índice COPD. Los jóvenes fueron entrevistados y examinados en Santo Domingo, capital de República Dominicana.

Resultados

El promedio del índice COPD fue 8.52±4.89 y el índice SiC fue de 14 para toda la muestra. Las mujeres presentaron más caries, dientes extraídos y piezas obturadas que los hombres de igual edad. La proporción total de adolescentes libres de caries fue 9.98%. El primer molar fue el diente más afectado por caries > 70%. Se observó una distribución simétrica del daño.

Un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple identificó edad y género como factores asociados al alto índice de caries en los adolescentes. La prevalencia de caries encontrada fue 90.02%.

Conclusión

La caries dental es una patología de alta prevalencia en adolescentes de Santo Domingo, República Dominicana. La prevalencia de caries fue similar y simétrica en ambos lados y arcadas. Las lesiones fueron más frecuentes en primer y segundo molar. Solo la edad y el género aumentaban la probabilidad de presentar lesiones cariosas.

Palabras clave: Epidemiología, prevalencia, caries dental, adolescentes, indicadores de riesgo cariogénico.

Abstract

Objectives

Cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence, distribution and variables associated of caries among Dominican adolescents.

Materials and Methods

A random sample of 982 Dominican adolescents (aged 12-21) was obtained in 26 schools and 106 classes. A probability weighted sample was selected using a complex, multistage probability sampling design.

Subjects were clinically examined under field conditions by a single calibrated examiner. Caries were diagnosed using the current World Health Organization (WHO) criteria

Results

The mean DMFT index was 8.52 ± 4.89 and SiC was 14 for the entire sample. A multiple linear regression model identified factors associated with the high caries experience of adolescents and found that caries were associated with age and gender.

Female adolescents had more decayed teeth, more missing teeth and more filled teeth than male adolescents. The overall proportion of caries-free adolescents was 9.98 percent and only 5.7 percent never had a caries lesion. The first molar teeth had the greatest caries experience, > 70% and the dental damage had symmetrical distribution.

Conclusion

Caries lesions are a common and with high prevalence disease in adolescents in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. The prevalence of caries was similar and symmetric in both sides of the mouth, so in maxillary as in mandibular teeth. Caries were higher in first and second molars. Only age and gender increased the probability to present caries lesions.

Key words: Epidemiology, prevalence, dental caries, adolescents, caries risk indicators.

El Texto completo solo está disponible en PDF

 

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Trabajo recibido el 28/05/2008.
Aprobado para su publicación el 22/09/2008.

CORRESPONDENCIA AUTOR
M. Consuelo Fresno.
Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile.
Av. Olivos 943, Comuna de Independencia.
Santiago, Chile.
consue_fresno@yahoo.com

Copyright © 2008.
Sociedad de Periodoncia de Chile, Sociedad de Implantología Oral de Chile y Sociedad de Prótesis y Rehabilitación Oral de Chile.